Menggaruk Kulit akan Membuat Semakin Gatal

Akuilah bahwa ibu kalian memang benar tentang menggaruk gatal. Kulit gatal akan semakin gatal jika digaruk.

Menggaruk gatal di kulit memang sangat nikmat.

Menggaruk gatal di kulit memang sangat nikmat.

Ternyata kesimpulan itu bukan isapan jempol atau pernyataan yang tak berdasar. Ilmu pengetahuan biologi menjelaskan hal ini secara gamblang. Bukan sembarang orang yang mengatakan, namun para periset dari Washington University School of Medicine di St. Louis.

Penelitian mereka membuktikan bahwa saat kita menggaruk bagian yang gatal, otak mengeluarkan enzim serotonin yang membuat rasa gatal semakin intens. Setidaknya itu yang terjadi pada tikus, seperti yang dipublikasikan pada jurnal Neuron.

Ilmuwan telah mengetahui sejak lama bahwa menggaruk kulit menyebabkan rasa sakit yang lembut di kulit. Rasa sakit itu dapat mengintervensi rasa gatal -setidaknya sementara- dengan membuat sel saraf alih-alih mengirim sinyal rasa gatal tetapi mengirim sinyal rasa sakit.

Otak lalu merespon dengan memproduksi enzim neurotransmitter bernama serotonin yang membantu untuk mengontrol rasa sakit. Tetapi saat serotonin menyebar dari otak menuju tulang belakang, enzim ini dapat berubah arah dari mengendalikan rasa sakit menjadi menambah rasa gatal.

Paling tidak itulah yang dihasilkan dari penelitian yang dipimpin oleh Zhou Feng Chen, PhD. Direktur dari Washington University’s Center for the Study of Itch. Mereka melakukan percobaan pada tikus yang dibesarkan dengan mutasi genetik.

Mutasi ini menyebabkan tikus percobaan tidak menghasilkan cukup serotonin. Saat tikus yang direkayasa genetik ini diberi substansi yang membuat kulit gatal, mereka tidak menggaruk kulit sekeras seperti tikus lain yang dibesarkan dengan genetik yang normal.

Mungkin penelian diatas ada benarnya, mengingat kita sendiri mengalaminya. Jika kulit kita gatal, menggaruk adalah salah satu hal yang nikmat dilakukan. Namun semakin kita menggaruk, rasanya akan semakin gatal dan ingin terus digaruk. Bukankah kalian pernah merasakan yang demikian? Aku yakin pasti pernah.

Washington University in St. Louis. “Why scratching makes you itch more.” ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141030132957.htm (accessed November 26, 2014).
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